【解析】通讀后面的句子,提到了法官與被告,這明顯是生活當(dāng)中的一個(gè)具體的實(shí)例,故答案選A。而B選項(xiàng) on average “平均,通?!保霈F(xiàn)的話,周圍往往應(yīng)該要出現(xiàn)數(shù)字。C選項(xiàng)in principle“大體上,原則上”,后面需要出現(xiàn)的是總結(jié)性的話語,D選項(xiàng)above all“首先” 是用來列舉條目,將A,B,D排除。
5.【答案】B
【解析】從句意上來看“例如,他們提出理論,認(rèn)為法官不敢在罪行面前表現(xiàn)得太軟弱,如果當(dāng)天已經(jīng)宣判五六名被告執(zhí)行緩刑,那么他很有可能將下一個(gè)人送入監(jiān)獄。A選項(xiàng)fond of 喜歡,B選項(xiàng) fear of 懼怕,C選項(xiàng)capable of 有能力,D選項(xiàng)thoughtless of 考慮不周,故答案選B。
【解析】A if 表?xiàng)l件。B選項(xiàng) until 表時(shí)間,往往跟not連用,直接排除。C選項(xiàng)though表讓步,D選項(xiàng)unless 相當(dāng)于 if...not 。通讀空格所在的前后句子,得出這兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是表示條件的。
【解析】本題末尾one to five(從一到五),前面又有一個(gè)on a scale(…的范圍), A分配,D排列語義上說不通,再綜合后面的factor(因素),對比一下,只有B(劃分等級),整合起來,即劃分成一到五個(gè)等級,合情合理C match看似與to搭配,但也不符合文意,故正確答案為B.
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,首先定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“…scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是:“……批評她沒有魅力的助理,因?yàn)橹碚J(rèn)為高級時(shí)尚對她的生活影響不大”。可知criticize是對scolds的同義替換,B項(xiàng)中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”的同義替換。所以B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,首先定位到第二段。由倒數(shù)第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.”意思是“這些商標(biāo)(暢銷商標(biāo))促使有時(shí)尚意識的消費(fèi)者將服裝看成是用完就可以丟棄的,……,并且每周更新他們的衣櫥?!盌選項(xiàng) “shop for their garments more frequently”的意思是“更加頻繁地購買服裝”,正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同義替換。
A,B,C項(xiàng)均屬于無中生有項(xiàng)。
23.【答案】A (accusation)
【解析】詞義題。題干中需要猜測詞義的單詞出現(xiàn)在第二段的第一句“……the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”。再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,“indictment”是Elizabeth Cline對“快時(shí)尚”的一種態(tài)度。因此,解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于聯(lián)系上下文語境,找到Elizabeth Cline對“快時(shí)尚”的態(tài)度。由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.”,意思是“Cline說,通過以特別低的價(jià)格銷售潮流物品,這些品牌破壞了潮流周期,動(dòng)搖了這個(gè)長久以來習(xí)慣于季節(jié)周期的產(chǎn)業(yè)”。由“hijack”和“shaking”可知,Cline對“快時(shí)尚”應(yīng)該是持否定態(tài)度的,所以選項(xiàng)A“accusation (譴責(zé))”是正確選項(xiàng)。
24.【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干,可定位到最后一段。解題關(guān)鍵在于“Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”,意思是“每個(gè)人都很虛榮,這很常見。但消費(fèi)者付不起太多東西的時(shí)候,他們才會以更加可持續(xù)的方式去購物?!边@句的關(guān)鍵詞是“afford”和“shop more sustainably”,對應(yīng)于D項(xiàng)中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”。A項(xiàng)對于本段的曲解。B項(xiàng)說的是“忽視環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”,與文中“several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment…”(一些時(shí)尚服飾公司已經(jīng)做出努力減少對勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境)意思相悖。C項(xiàng)文中未提及。
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,首先定位到首段。這段的大意是廣告經(jīng)費(fèi)的一半都浪費(fèi)掉了,但是通過“behavioral ads”可以追蹤購買者的搜索習(xí)慣和評價(jià),使得廣告更有針對性,從而降低預(yù)算成本,也就是“this fraction can be much reduced”。 A、B和C選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無中生有。
27.【答案】D (internet browser developers)
【解析】詞義句意題。the industry在語篇中是指代前面的出現(xiàn)內(nèi)容,而前面出現(xiàn)的Microsoft Internet Explorer,Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D選項(xiàng)中中的“Internet browser developers”。 B和C選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無中生有。A選項(xiàng)并非本段中談?wù)摰暮诵摹?/p>
28.【答案】A (will not benefit consumers)
【解析】推理判斷題。解題關(guān)鍵在于“… consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences”,也就是說,當(dāng)瀏覽器開發(fā)者不能收集消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)上購物傾向時(shí),消費(fèi)并不能從中受益。B、C和D選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無中生有。
29.【答案】B (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干,可以定位到第六段。解題關(guān)鍵在于理解本段的行文邏輯,即“unable to tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”。也就是說“由于不能辨別有些主體是真正反對行為廣告,也不能辨別它們支持微軟的做法,有些人甚至忽視DNT,繼續(xù)先前的做法?!笨纱丝梢姡珺項(xiàng)符合題意。A、C和D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在本段中均沒有提及。
30.【答案】C (skepticism)
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干,可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,Brendon Lynch的博客中評論道:“我們認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該有更大的自主權(quán)(或掌控權(quán))”。解題關(guān)鍵在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”,從中可明顯看出作者的懷疑態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)是“理解”,B項(xiàng)是“贊成”,D選項(xiàng)是“縱容”的意思。
Text 3
31.【答案】[B] our faith in science and technology
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)出題的順序性原則,可回文定位到文章第一段。該段落共計(jì)兩句話。第一句總體交代了過去人們對未來的暢想總體是積極,正面的(were largely positive)。本題的正確答案就隱含在第二句話中。第二個(gè)句子實(shí)際上緊接著第一句話,交代了積極暢想的原因在于“科學(xué)和技術(shù)能治愈人類的一切疾病”,由此可確定本題的正確答案為B。選項(xiàng)A、D都錯(cuò)在因果倒置,“ lives of fulfillment” 以及“opportunity for all”都是科學(xué)、技術(shù)帶來的結(jié)果,并非原因。選項(xiàng)C屬于無中生有,本段并沒有提及任何與“ potential risks”相關(guān)內(nèi)容,故排除。
33. 【答案】 [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
【解析】段落推斷題。由本題的題干可以鎖定本題的答案在文章的第五段。 該段首句為段落中心句,“與思考眼前的未來相比,對如此之長的時(shí)間跨度進(jìn)行思考似乎更為容易”,反過來思考也就是說,眼前的未來更難思考,符合D選項(xiàng)含義“我們眼前的未來很難去設(shè)想”。A選項(xiàng)“Arc 幫助縮小了未來學(xué)研究的范圍”,該選項(xiàng)在文中出現(xiàn)在該段的最后一句話“這就是為什么我們可以發(fā)行Arc這樣一個(gè)致力于研究近期未來的全新出版物”,和題目含義有很大出入,故排除。B選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)為社會問題提供了解決方法”,段中并未提到。C選項(xiàng)“對科幻小說的興趣與日俱增”,該段中雖在第二句提到科幻小說家,但并未提及對科幻小說的興趣,故排除。正確答案為D項(xiàng)“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”。
34.【答案】[C] draw on our experience from the past
【解析】段落細(xì)節(jié)題。由本題的題干可以鎖定本題的答案在倒數(shù)第二自然段第二句,“As so often , the past holds the key to the future . ”此題就是考查對這句話的理解,“ 未來是掌握過去的關(guān)鍵?!庇纱舜_定正確答案為B。選項(xiàng)A 、C、D 與題干無關(guān),在原文中無直接體現(xiàn),也不能歸納得出,故排除 。
35.【答案】[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
【解析】全文的主旨題??疾榭忌鷮θ闹黝}的把握。通觀全文,我們可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者對未來是十分看好的,尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助這句話重申主題。由此,本題正確答案應(yīng)既包含“未來”,也應(yīng)能體現(xiàn)出作者對未來的態(tài)度。確定選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)在無中生有,全文當(dāng)中對于未來,并無體現(xiàn)出對于其的不確定;本文講的是人類對于未來的看法,而不是講人類的進(jìn)化史,因此B錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)過于籠統(tǒng),并未體現(xiàn)出作者的樂觀態(tài)度,因此不對。
Text 4
36.【答案】 overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。principles that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial.說明聯(lián)邦法律高于州的法律是無可爭辯的。答案選項(xiàng)they“overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.”---他們(亞利桑那州的法案)逾越了聯(lián)邦法案。就是對文中這句話的反義改寫。Overstep 為同義替換原文中的intrude, authority 同義替換了privileged powers.
屬于同義置換。
37.【答案】States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.州政府在移民法案實(shí)施中的合法地位。
【解析】第四段主要說明了,州警察依然可以核實(shí)移民的法律地位。國會設(shè)想joint federal-state immigration enforcement聯(lián)合實(shí)施移民法案。同時(shí),encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.國會鼓勵(lì)州警察與聯(lián)邦同事分享信息以及相互合作。其他選項(xiàng)的withhold,independence,intervention文中也沒有提到。屬于過度推斷。
38.【答案】(Stood in favor of the states)
【解析】第五段最后一句:唯一的最主要的反對來自法官Antonino Scalia, 這個(gè)法官“defense” 是支持州的權(quán)利的,“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts,證明這個(gè)法案是支持州的權(quán)利的。
39.【答案】(outweights that held by the states.)
聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)利大過州的實(shí)施權(quán)利
【解析】第六段The White House 認(rèn)為亞利桑那州的法律跟白宮的法律實(shí)施權(quán)利沖突。In effect后面表達(dá)的是重點(diǎn):如果這些州的法律跟它有沖突的話,白宮聲明它有權(quán)利宣布其它州的法律無效。
40.【答案】(The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.)
43.【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small...)
【解析】本題可以通過原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。空前一句講到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly ...”,緊接著在選項(xiàng)B中也出現(xiàn)了“the number”,屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。從邏輯關(guān)系的角度來看,選項(xiàng)B有一個(gè)明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“however”,這說明其表達(dá)的含義與空前信息相反,該選項(xiàng)提到“the numbers are still small”(數(shù)量非常小),空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”(數(shù)量增長非常迅速),兩者在語意上構(gòu)成了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以正確答案為B。
44.【答案】D (During the late 1990s...)
【解析】本題設(shè)在段落中間,可以通過段落一致性代詞指代來確定答案。該段第一句提到:“The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding”,其表達(dá)的含義是:事情的問題不是可用資金的數(shù)目。那接下來要講的內(nèi)容一定和資金有關(guān)系。空后出現(xiàn)了代詞“this is an adequate amount”其含義是:這個(gè)資金數(shù)目是足夠的。那么this指代的內(nèi)容一定和adequate amount相關(guān),而選項(xiàng)D的題干是“national spending varied from 4% to 25%”,其表述的內(nèi)容正是資金的總量。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
45.【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate...)
【解析】本題設(shè)空在段落中間,應(yīng)瞻前顧后地依據(jù)連貫性原則確定答案??涨暗男畔⑹侵笟W盟提議取消了之前設(shè)定的專門投資支持社會科學(xué)家的專欄項(xiàng)目,其目的不是為了忽略社會科學(xué)家,而是完全相反,即文章中的“complete opposite”,根據(jù)語意銜接,接下來會說明歐盟這一做法的真正目的,并且這一目的對于社會科學(xué)家一定是積極的。選項(xiàng)E中的the idea指代空前出現(xiàn)的“it was proposed that...”,即歐盟的提案。除此之外,空后提到了collaborative endeavors,與選項(xiàng)E中的短語integrate with構(gòu)成了同義替換??蘸笮畔⒅械膅lobal problems與選項(xiàng)E中的health and demographic change, food security, ... and secure societies構(gòu)成上下義的關(guān)系,這也是解題的一道線索,因此,正確答案為選項(xiàng)E。
Section III Translation
46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.
49. most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
I am writing on behalf of our college to invite you to be a judge for the English speech contest which will be held next week.
We know that you are admired by all the students. As college students, we would like to improve our abilities in spoken English as well as written English. We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest to be held in Room 102, the Teaching Building on Saturday, June 4th, at 7p.m.
We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of your company. We are looking forward to seeing you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
52.
【參考范文】
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass of graduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. A variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further education or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of them.
The implication echoed by this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life:the success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself. Nevertheless, I cherish a belief that we can not tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Although making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, judged from the personal aspect, persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work. However, some people, pacing up and down, are not industrious and try to find a short-cut success. In fact, only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.
It occurs to many that the most fundamental thing to success is making a good choice. But I recommend that graduates as well as all the citizens should struggle to make their choice be a reality.